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Differences between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries for sightseeing vehicles

January 23, 2025

1. Performance:


- Energy density: The energy density of lithium batteries is much higher than that of lead-acid batteries. This means that at the same volume or weight, lithium batteries can store more electrical energy and provide longer driving range for sightseeing vehicles. For example, a sightseeing vehicle using lithium batteries may be able to travel farther after a single charge, meeting the needs of long-term, large-scale tours in scenic spots and other places; while lead-acid batteries have a relatively short driving range due to their low energy density and may need to be charged more frequently.


- Charge and discharge cycle life: Lithium batteries have a longer charge and discharge cycle life. Generally speaking, the number of charge and discharge cycles of lithium batteries can reach more than 500 times, and some high-quality lithium batteries can even reach more than 1,000 times; while the number of charge and discharge cycles of lead-acid batteries is usually around 300-500 times. Therefore, from the perspective of long-term use, the service life of lithium batteries is more advantageous, which can reduce the frequency and cost of battery replacement.


- Discharge performance: Lithium batteries have better discharge performance and can provide more stable current output, making the sightseeing vehicle more powerful and accelerating better. Lithium battery-driven sightseeing vehicles perform better in climbing and accelerating conditions; lead-acid batteries will have a lower performance when discharged at high current, which may affect the power performance of sightseeing vehicles.



2. Safety:


- Stability: The internal materials and chemical properties of lead-acid batteries are relatively stable, and the risk of safety accidents is low during normal use and storage. Even when subjected to a certain degree of mechanical damage, its internal chemical substances are not prone to leaking and other dangerous situations; while lithium batteries have high chemical activity. If used improperly, subjected to external force impact or in harsh environments such as high temperature, safety problems such as overheating, combustion or even explosion may occur.


- Protection measures: Lithium batteries usually need to be equipped with a more complex battery management system (BMS) to ensure the safe operation of the battery. BMS can monitor and manage the battery's charging and discharging process to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, overcurrent and other situations; the protection measures for lead-acid batteries are relatively simple, and generally only need to pay attention to the correct charging method and use environment.


3. Volume and weight:


- Volume: The volume of lithium batteries is relatively small. Due to its high energy density, the volume of lithium batteries with the same power can be much smaller than that of lead-acid batteries. This is very beneficial for the design and layout of sightseeing vehicles, making the space of sightseeing vehicles more spacious, or installing larger capacity batteries in the same space.


- Weight: Lithium batteries are lighter, generally only about 1/3 of lead-acid batteries. This reduces the overall weight of the sightseeing vehicle, which is not only easier to drive and control, but also reduces the energy consumption of the vehicle during driving. For scenic spots that need to go up and down frequently or drive on poor road conditions, the lighter vehicle weight can reduce the burden on the vehicle's power system and improve the driving performance of the sightseeing vehicle.


4. Price and cost:


- Purchase price: When purchasing, the price of lead-acid batteries is relatively low, usually only about 1/3 of lithium batteries. For some scenic spots or users who are more sensitive to cost, choosing lead-acid batteries can reduce the purchase cost of sightseeing vehicles.


- Maintenance cost: Lead-acid batteries require regular maintenance such as adding distilled water during use, and their service life is relatively short, so they need to be replaced more frequently, which will increase maintenance costs to a certain extent; lithium batteries have relatively low maintenance costs, and generally do not require special maintenance. You only need to pay attention to the correct use and charging methods. However, if the lithium battery fails or is damaged, the repair cost may be high.


5. Environmental protection:


- Material environmental protection: Lead-acid batteries contain heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. If not handled properly, these heavy metals will cause serious pollution to the soil, water sources and other environments; although metal elements such as cobalt in lithium batteries also have certain environmental impacts, their pollution level is relatively much smaller than that of lead-acid batteries.


- Recyclability: The recycling technology of lead-acid batteries is relatively mature, with high recycling value, and can be processed through formal recycling channels to reduce the impact on the environment; the recycling technology of lithium batteries is still under development and improvement, and the current recycling is difficult and the recycling cost is also high.


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